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Development

The group urban birds includes 14 species that depend largely on human influence. The group contains species found in field margins and city parks, species nesting in buildings as well as species that have benefited the most from supplementary feeding during winter.

On average urban birds have increased by more than 45% during the past three decades.The increasing trend has been quite steady during the whole monitoring period.

Most of urban birds are either residents or short-distance migrants. On the whole, these species have fared well. The only exception is the House Sparrow, which populations have declined steeply. The reasons for the decline are unadequately known. In farmland habitats the decline is related to the structural change of agriculture, but this does not explain why Common Sparrow has declined also in cities.

The group contains only two long-distance migrants: Common Swift and House Martin. White Wagtail may be considered as a near long-distance migrant since it over-winters in Middle East and North Africa. The populations of these three species have all declined.

Urban bird species

After excluding Great and Blue Tit, the urban birds species group could also be called farmland birds. However, these species are found in broader range of habitats than true arable land specialists and they can be commonly found also in cities and other population centres.

The most common species in this group are Fieldfare (1.4 million breeding pairs), Great Tit (1.0 million), White Wagtail (730 000), Blue Tit (500 000) and Greenfinch (340 000).